In terms of the physics of our jaw, we can actually think of our jaw as a lever. When we are chewing food, or even just opening and closing our mouth when speaking, only our lower jaw is moving; our upper jaw is not jointed but is fixed in place to the rest of our skull.
Therefore, our lower jaw operates as a lever of sorts. Is a hammer a 1st class lever or a third class lever?
Where is the lever of the hammer? When is the effort force decreased in a first class lever? In what class of a lever is the effort between the fulcrum and the resistance? Where are the effort load and fulcrum locate in a first class lever?
Why is tiptoe a second class lever? Which lever has the resistance force between the effort and the fulcrum?
What is the MA of a first class lever? What is the law for a second-class lever? What class lever is a shovel and where does the fulcrum load and effort go? What class of lever are ice tongs? What is the relationship between distance from the fulcrum and the mechanical advantage of a first class lever?
How does a first class lever differ from a second class lever? Why scissors are first class lever? How are second and first class levers differentiated? How is a wheelbarrow a lever? What is lever class 2? Is scissors second class lever or third class lever? Which lever has the effort force between the resistance force and the fulcrum?
How is orange squeezer a second class lever? Where is the effort located in a class three lever? Study Guides. Trending Questions. Why might not wrestling be considered among oldest sports in recorded history? Still have questions? Find more answers. Previously Viewed. What class lever is the mandible and where does the effort load and fulcrum go? Unanswered Questions.
What characteristics of a tragic hero does Macbeth possess and banquo lack? What could result if a 30 year old lawyer continued to eat as he did as a 17 years old football player? What is the function of resorcinol in the seliwanoff's test? How do you maximally develop the intelligence quotient of a child? Get the Answers App. All Rights Reserved. In my clinical practice, my workhorse is a full coverage splint with cuspid rise and an anterior disclusion, with no posterior contacts.
I use a hard-soft splint that can have some give and retention at mouth temperature so no clasps are needed. Where the teeth contact the splint I cut a trough and this is filled with hard acrylic. In the lower splint only, the anteriors as well as the upper lingual cusps should contact the splint. In the upper splint only, the anteriors and the lower buccal cusps contact the splint. Again in both there is a cuspid rise and an anterior disclusion. In children, those with an active gag reflex and some emergencies I will use a NiTi appliance.
This is an anterior jig that covers the upper incisors and has contacts on the lower centrals. In some emergency situations I may use a soft vinyl splint which is a hockey mouthguard made for the lower arch.
It can be adjusted to a reasonable occlusion and is only worn for a few weeks. This can also be a valuable diagnostic tool when you unsure if the patients pain or tooth sensitivity is from the tooth or from clenching. LLLT has been demonstrated both clinically and in research to be effective for post-surgical pain and swelling, better integration of implants, healing of soft tissue lesions, and nerve regeneration.
Studies have shown that LLLT can decrease pain, muscle trismus and swelling. There has also been some evidence to show that LLLT can help stimulate fibroblasts to form a pseudo disc in cases of disc degeneration.
In a recent study, Kobayashi et al hypothesized that one of the pain relief mechanisms when using LLLT in the treatment of TMJ disorders is the improved microcirculation in the temporal and masseter muscles. This improved circulation helps to remove noxious deposits associated with hypertension of the tissues. Pain relief is also felt by normalizing the intramuscular pressure on sensory nerve endings.
Other studies have demonstrated that LLLT was shown to be effective for those with chronic pain and in those who did not respond to other previous conservative treatments. Further, in over 30 years of research, there have been no negative side effects associated with LLLT treatments. Low level lasers are most frequently used to treat joint spaces and trigger points, whereas SLDs are often found in clusters and can be used to cover larger muscles.
Although it is beneficial to use both types of devices, either can be used to effectively treat TMJ disorders. It should be noted that treatment does not include all of the above points in every case; treatment locations are determined by the diagnosis and area of pain.
LLLT is most effective for acute conditions and often can be used as the sole treatment tool. In acute cases, the patient should be treate d times for one week and then left for two weeks before being reassessed.
Chronic conditions often require a combination of LLLT, splints and other physical therapy. Patient should generally be treated times per week for 3 weeks before being reassessed. However, if a dentist understands the anatomy of the joint and takes a good history, then many cases of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders can easily be treated.
Alana Ross is the Executive Director of Laser Light Canada, a company which works with multiple phototherapy equipment manufacturers, none of which had any input into this article.
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