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Printed Circuit Boards. RF Products. User Interfaces. Flexible Heaters. Lithium Battery Technologies Epec Engineered Technologies utilizes our experienced Engineering, Design, Quality and Manufacturing teams, so that our customers can be assured of technically advanced battery solutions that meet the unique requirements of their specific applications.
Lithium-ion, Lithium Polymer and Lithium Iron Phosphate Lithium provides the highest capacity ampere-hours or "Ah" per unit weight of all metals, making it an ideal material for a lithium anode.
A lithium power source offers a significant advantage if: A high voltage is needed i. He says:. Note that increasing the electrode thickness increases energy density and decreases cost by decreasing the relative weight and volume contribution of the inactive materials. The performance characteristics of a Li-ion battery can be modified by changing the choice of materials used for the electrolyte, cathode, and anode.
The cathode is a metal oxide while the anode is made of a porous carbon material. Some batteries, for example, are engineered to maximize energy capacity and allow long runtime measured in hours. For example, an cell rated at 2, mAh can provide a continuous load current of 20 A 30 A with Li-phosphate.
The superior performance is achieved in part by lowering the internal resistance and by optimizing the surface area of active cell materials. Low resistance enables high current flow with minimal temperature rise. The voltage produced by each lithium-ion cell is about 3.
Li-ion with cathode additive materials of cobalt, nickel, manganese and aluminum typically charge to 4. Some nickel-based varieties charge to 4. Higher voltage means that fewer cells are needed in many applications. Smartphones, for example, need only a single cell; this simplifies power management. Life of a lithium-ion battery is typically defined as the number of full charge-discharge cycles to reach a failure threshold in terms of capacity loss or impedance rise.
Inactive storage of these batteries also reduces their capacity, so calendar life is used to represent the whole battery life cycle involving both the cycle and inactive storage operations.
Battery cycle life is affected by many different stress factors including temperature, discharge current, charge current, and state of charge ranges depth of discharge. Batteries are not fully charged and discharged in real applications such as smartphones, laptops and electric cars, so defining battery life via full discharge cycles can be misleading. To avoid this confusion, researchers sometimes use cumulative discharge defined as the total amount of charge Ah delivered by the battery during its entire life or equivalent full cycles, which represents the summation of the partial cycles as fractions of a full charge-discharge cycle.
Multiplying the battery cumulative discharge in Ah by the rated nominal voltage gives the total energy delivered over the life of the battery. From this one can calculate the cost per kWh of the energy including the cost of charging.
Li-ion batteries are comparatively low maintenance, and do not require scheduled cycling to maintain their battery life. The charging procedures for single Li-ion cells, and complete Li-ion batteries vary slightly.
A Li-ion battery a set of Li-ion cells in series is charged in three stages: Constant Current, Balance not required once a battery is balanced and Constant Voltage.
During the constant current phase , the charger applies a constant current to the battery at a steadily increasing voltage, until the voltage limit per cell is reached. During the balance phase , the charger reduces the charging current or cycles the charging on and off to reduce the average current while the state of charge of individual cells is brought to the same level by a balancing circuit, until the battery is balanced.
Some fast chargers skip this stage, and some accomplish the balance by charging each cell independently. A typical electric car 60 kWh battery takes just under eight hours to charge from discharged to fully charged with a 7 kW charging point. For many electric cars, up to miles of range can be added in about 35 minutes with a 50 kW rapid charger. A lithium-ion battery comprises not only cells, but also a Battery Management System BMS that manages its operation and ensures that it does not depart from its safe operating area.
This is vital for Li-ion batteries as they are sensitive to overcharging, shorts and excessively deep discharge, and can be permanently damaged. Battery management systems can contain a switch that can disconnect the battery once charged to capacity, to prevent continued charging and consequent damage.
Battery management systems can monitor almost everything that the battery does, ensuring that temperature is regulated, that power output is kept even and that battery pressure does not exceed advisable limits. These systems can even detect if the battery has shifted and may be discharging its current incorrectly, for example into the conductive body of a vehicle. Contact us. A lithium-ion battery is a type of rechargeable battery that is charged and discharged by lithium ions moving between the negative anode and positive cathode electrodes.
Generally, batteries that can be charged and discharged repeatedly are called secondary batteries, whereas disposable batteries are called primary batteries. Because lithium-ion batteries are suitable for storing high-capacity power, they are used in a wide range of applications, including consumer electronics such as smartphones and PCs, industrial robots, production equipment and automobiles.
Oh, really? Smartphone batteries! Lithium-ion batteries are used in familiar products, aren't they? Incidentally, what is lithium? Lithium is a metal found in the natural environment. Do you remember the periodic table of elements like a mantra? Lithium-ion batteries are divided into various kinds according to size, form, the material used for the positive and negative electrodes, and so on.
The anode and cathode are capable of storing lithium ions. Energy is stored and released as lithium ions travel between these electrodes through the electrolyte. When storing energy i. When using energy i. A battery is made up of an anode, cathode, separator, electrolyte, and two current collectors positive and negative.
The anode and cathode store the lithium. The electrolyte carries positively charged lithium ions from the anode to the cathode and vice versa through the separator. The movement of the lithium ions creates free electrons in the anode which creates a charge at the positive current collector.
The electrical current then flows from the current collector through a device being powered cell phone, computer, etc.
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